Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Overview

A Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is a key component in modern electronics. It connects various electronic components and provides mechanical support for them. PCBs are composed of layers, typically a non-conductive substrate and conductive pathways, that are etched or printed onto the surface.

Types of PCBs

• Single-Sided PCBs: These PCBs have one layer of substrate with a metal coating, usually copper, on one side.
• Double-Sided PCBs: These feature conductive metal layers on both sides of the substrate, enabling more complex circuits.
• Multi-Layer PCBs: These are made with multiple layers of substrate and conductive materials. They offer greater complexity and capabilities.

Materials Used in PCBs

• Substrate: Common substrates include fiberglass (FR4), phenolic, and epoxy.
• Conductive Material: Copper is the primary material used to form conductive traces.

Advantages of PCBs

• Compactness: PCBs allow components to be densely arranged, making devices more compact.
• Reliability: Etched pathways ensure consistent connections, reducing wiring errors.
• Ease of Manufacturing: Automated processes enable cost-effective mass production.